ChemistryThe p-block elementsClass 12

p-block trends: interactive simulation

Oxidising power falls down group 17. Diamond is a tetrahedral sp³ network; graphite is stacked sp² sheets. The basicity of an oxoacid equals the number of OH groups, not the number of hydrogens in the formula.

Useful for: JEE Main, JEE Advanced, NEET, CBSE Boards · 3 modes in one lab

What you can explore

  1. 1

    Oxidising power of halogens

    F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂, and which halide each one displaces.
  2. 2

    Allotropes of carbon

    Diamond’s tetrahedral network against graphite’s sliding sheets.
  3. 3

    Oxoacids of P and S

    Basicity equals the number of OH groups in H₃PO₄, H₃PO₃, H₃PO₂, H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₃.

Try this

  1. 1

    Select Cl₂, then I₂.

    What you should see

    Chlorine displaces bromide and iodide. Iodine displaces none of the halide ions above it.

  2. 2

    Open H₃PO₂, then H₃PO₄.

    What you should see

    Basicity is 1 and 3. H₃PO₂ has two hydrogens bonded directly to phosphorus.

Formulas behind it

Basicity

basicity=number of OH\text{basicity} = \text{number of } \mathrm{OH}

Common mistakes

  • Reading the basicity of H₃PO₃ as 3 from the formula. One hydrogen is a P–H bond, so the basicity is 2.
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FAQ

Why does graphite conduct and diamond does not?

Graphite has delocalised electrons in each sp² sheet. Diamond’s electrons are all locked in sp³ bonds.

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