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A solid substance may contain two types of impurities, those (i) which are soluble in the same solvent as the main substance and (ii) which are not soluble in the same solvent as the substance. The second type of impurit

Concept: फिल्ट्रेशन तकनीकें

Question

A solid substance may contain two types of impurities, those (i) which are soluble in the same solvent as the main substance and (ii) which are not soluble in the same solvent as the substance. The second type of impurity can be separated easily using a suitable solvent to dissolve the main compound when the impurities remain undissolved and can be separated by a simple process called filtration. This process is similar to separating tea leaves from a decoction of tea, or sand from mixture of sand and water. Filtration is carried out with the help of a filter paper cone placed in a funnel as shown in the Fig. 3.1. A circular piece of filter paper is folded to form a cone and fitted in the funnel. The funnel is fixed on a stand and a beaker kept below it. The paper is made moist, the solution to be filtered is poured on the filter paper. The insoluble part remaining on the filter paper is called residue and the liquid collected in the beaker is called filtrate. Filtration under suction: When filtration is carried out using a vacuum pump it is called filtration under suction. It is a faster and more efficient technique than simple filtration. The assembly for filtration under suction consists of a thick wall conical flask with a side arm. The flask is connected to a safety bottle by rubber tube through the side arm. The safety bottle is used to prevent sucking of the filtrate into suction pump. A special porcelain funnel called Buchner funnel is fitted on the conical flask with the help of a rubber cork as shown in Fig. 3.2. The Buchner funnel has a porous circular bottom. A circular filter paper of correct size is placed on the circular porous bottom of the Buchner funnel and the funnel is placed on the flask. It is moistened with a few drops of water or solvent. Suction is created by starting the pump and filtration is carried out. Crystals are collected on the filter paper and filtrate in the flask.

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Hint: अशुद्धियों के विभिन्न प्रकारों और उन्हें अलग करने के तरीकों के बारे में सोचें।

Step-by-step solution

  1. 1

    अशुद्धियों के प्रकार

    अशुद्धियाँ दो प्रकार की • घुलनशील अशुद्धियाँ • अघुलनशील अशुद्धियाँ
  2. 2

    साधारण फिल्ट्रेशन

    अघुलनशील ठोस अलग • फिल्टर पेपर का उपयोग • अवशेष और फिल्ट्रेट
  3. 3

    सक्शन फिल्ट्रेशन

    तेज़ और कुशल • वैक्यूम पंप • बुचनर फ़नल

Final answer

Filtration is a process used to separate insoluble solids from liquids. The insoluble part is called residue, and the liquid collected is called filtrate. Suction filtration is a faster and more efficient method.

Remember: फिल्ट्रेशन अघुलनशील ठोस पदार्थों को तरल पदार्थों से अलग करने का एक तरीका है।

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