Chapter 8 · Class 11-12 & JEE/NEET
Chemical Equilibrium
32 topics in 8 parts
Key ideas
Diagnostic Comparison & Property Matrix
| Parameter / Feature | Standard State / Condition A | Altered State / Condition B |
|---|---|---|
| Driving Force | Thermodynamic control (more stable product) | Kinetic control (lower activation barrier) |
| Solvent Dependency | Polar protic solvent stabilizes charge separation | Polar aprotic solvent accelerates bare nucleophilicity |
| Temperature Influence | High temperatures favor elimination / endothermic | Mild temperatures favor addition / exothermic |
| Common Pitfall | Overlooking rearrangement or stereochemical inversion | Neglecting boundary limits or stoichiometric coefficients |
All 32 topics in Chemical Equilibrium
Physical Equilibria
- Characteristics of Physical Equilibria
- Solid–Liquid Equilibrium
- Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium
- Solid–Vapor Equilibrium
- Equilibrium in Dissolution of Solids & Gases in Liquids & Henry’s Law
Chemical Equilibria & Dynamic Equilibria
- Reversible & Irreversible Reactions
- Dynamic Nature of Chemical Equilibrium
- Characteristics of Chemical Equilibrium
Law of Chemical Equilibrium & Equilibrium Constant
- Law of Mass Action
- Characteristics of Equilibrium Constant
- Equilibrium Constants Kp & Kc
- Units of Kp & Kc
- Relationship Between Kp & Kc
- Calculations of Kp & Kc
Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Equilibria
- Homogeneous Equilibria
- Heterogeneous Equilibria
Applications of Equilibrium Constants
- Predicting the Extent of Reaction
- Predicting the Direction of Reaction
- Reaction Quotient (Qc & Qp)
- Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
- Calculating Equilibrium Partial Pressures
- Degree of Dissociation
- Van 't Hoff Equation & Temperature Dependence of K
Gibbs Energy Change & Chemical Equilibrium
- Thermodynamic Relation ΔG° = -RT ln K
- Spontaneity & Equilibrium Direction
Simultaneous Equilibrium
- Simultaneous Equilibrium
Le Chatelier’s Principle & Factors Affecting Equilibria
- Effect of Adding Catalyst
- Effect of Addition of Inert Gas
- Effect of Change in Concentration
- Effect of Change in Pressure
- Effect of Change in Temperature
- Effect of Change of Volume