Chemistry chapters
  1. 01Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers
  2. 02Aldehydes & Ketones
  3. 03Amines
  4. 04Atomic Structure
  5. 05Biomolecules
  6. 06Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
  7. 07Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
  8. 08Chemical Equilibrium
  9. 09Chemical Kinetics
  10. 10Coordination Compounds
  11. 11Electrochemistry
  12. 12General Organic Chemistry
  13. 13Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
  14. 14Hydrocarbons
  15. 15IUPAC Nomenclature
  16. 16Ionic Equilibrium
  17. 17Isomerism
  18. 18Metallurgy
  19. 19Periodic Table & Periodicity
  20. 20Polymers
  21. 21Practical / Purification of Organic Compounds
  22. 22Qualitative & Salt Analysis
  23. 23Redox Reactions
  24. 24Solid State
  25. 25Solutions
  26. 26Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
  27. 27States of Matter
  28. 28Surface Chemistry
  29. 29Thermodynamics & Thermochemistry
  30. 30d & f Block Elements
  31. 31p-Block Elements
  32. 32s-Block Elements
  33. 33Environmental Chemistry & Everyday Life

Chapter 21 · Class 11-12 & JEE/NEET

Practical / Purification of Organic Compounds

30 topics in 7 parts

Full lessonClass 11 Chemistry · Organic Chemistry — Basic Principles Practice11 practice questions

Key ideas

1° Alcohol: RCH₂OH Two α-Hydrogens PCC (Mild) Aldehyde: RCHO H₂CrO₄ / KMnO₄ Carboxylic Acid 2° Alcohol: R₂CHOH One α-Hydrogen H₂CrO₄ or KMnO₄ or PCC Ketone: R₂C=O 3° Alcohol: R₃COH NO α-Hydrogen H₂CrO₄ (Room Temp) NO REACTION (Resistant) (Under harsh heating with acid: Dehydrates to Alkene)
Practical / Purification of Organic Compounds

Diagnostic Comparison & Property Matrix

Parameter / FeatureStandard State / Condition AAltered State / Condition B
Driving ForceThermodynamic control (more stable product)Kinetic control (lower activation barrier)
Solvent DependencyPolar protic solvent stabilizes charge separationPolar aprotic solvent accelerates bare nucleophilicity
Temperature InfluenceHigh temperatures favor elimination / endothermicMild temperatures favor addition / exothermic
Common PitfallOverlooking rearrangement or stereochemical inversionNeglecting boundary limits or stoichiometric coefficients

All 30 topics in Practical / Purification of Organic Compounds

  1. Test for Functional Groups

    • Tests for Alcohols, Phenols & Enols
    • Tests for Aldehydes & Ketones
    • Tests for Amines & Nitrogen Compounds
    • Tests for Carboxylic Acids & Unsaturation
    • General Functional Group Identification

  2. Element Detection Test

    • Lassaigne Test (Sodium Fusion Extract)
    • Detection of Nitrogen, Sulfur & Halogens
    • Sodium Nitroprusside & Special Tests
    • Ammonium Molybdate Test for Phosphorus
    • Detection of Carbon & Hydrogen

  3. Quantitative Analysis

    • Dumas Method for Nitrogen Estimation
    • Kjeldahl Method for Nitrogen Estimation
    • Carius Method for Halogens & Sulfur Estimation
    • Combustion Analysis & Carbon-Hydrogen Estimation
    • Phosphorus Estimation & Gravimetric Methods
    • Molecular Formula & Yield Calculations

  4. Distillation

    • Simple Distillation
    • Fractional Distillation
    • Steam Distillation
    • Vacuum & Reduced Pressure Distillation

  5. Chromatography

    • Adsorption & Column Chromatography
    • Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) & Rf Value
    • Paper & Partition Chromatography

  6. Purification & Separation Techniques

    • Sublimation
    • Differential Extraction & Separating Funnel
    • Crystallization & Differential Solubility
    • Centrifugation

  7. Titrimetric Analysis & Primary Standards

    • Acid-Base Titrations & Indicators
    • Primary Standards & Volumetric Reagents
    • Preparation of Standard Solutions (Mohr's Salt)